Caspian Journal of Pediatrics
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Sep 2015

childhood aggression, particularly in preschoolers, is one of the most common behavioral problems throughout the world. Therefore, it is important to identify the predictors of this problem. This study was conducted to determine the predictors of physical and verbal aggression in preschoolers.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on preschoolers in Rasht in 2013. Study samples included 614, 5 to 7 year-old children who were selected by two –stage cluster sampling of preschool centers under the supervision of Education and Welfare organization of Rasht. Data collection tool included two questionnaires. The scale aggression in preschool children was used to measure the aggression and the questionnaire consisted of 3 parts (individual, familial, social and economic) was used to examine the factors related to the aggression. Then the data was analyzed by PSS software version 21, using descriptive and analytical statics.
The average score of verbal and physical aggression and also individual, familial and socioeconomic factors related to them were calculated. (p According to the results of the study, it seems that individual and familial factors are the main predictors of physical and verbal aggression in children. Therefore, the special attention must be paid to these two factors for preventing.

The readmission rate for neonatal jaundice has been increased in recent years. This has been attributed to shorter length of postpartum hospital stays without comprehensive follow- up. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of pre-discharge transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) levels for prediction of subsequent hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term neonates.
Between October and December 2013, a total of 99 healthy term neonates born at the Babol Clinic Hospital of healthy mother were enrolled in a prospective cross sectional study. The TcB levels were measured in all enrolled neonates between 12 and 24 hours of age just before discharge. All newborns were followed-up for jaundice to 10th day. Newborns with clinical jaundice were recalled and their serum bilirubin levels were measured. Appropriate treatment was performed based on the Amirkola Children's Hospital Protocol. TcB levels were compared between the non-treatment and treatment groups.
The mean age of the TcB measuring was 17.52.6 hours. A total of 18.1% neonates (18 of 99) were developed severe hyperbilirubinemia (need for treatment). The mean of cutaneous bilirubin level in the non-treatment and treatment groups was 5.21.6mg/dl and 6.30.9 mg/dl, respectively. The cutaneous bilirubin level at cut-off 6 mg/dl was associated with 80.0% sensitivity and 63.0% specificity. The negative predictive value was 94.6%.
Single TcB measurements at the first 24 hours predict hyperbilirubinemia with a reasonably high degree of accuracy.

Asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema as a common disorder in childhood, has many epidemiologic variations in different geographic areas. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of pediatric allergic disease in rural area of Babol.
This analytical-cross sectional study was performed in 2012 by random sampling on 2 groups of children the first group aged 6-7 years (n=1735) and the second group aged 12-14 years (n=2080) during 2012. Data was collected by ISAAC first phase questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS 17 and Chi square test.
The prevalence of asthma in elementary school was 19% and in guidance school was 29.9% (p=0.000). The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in primary school in guidance school was 9.9% and 18.1%, respectively (p=0.000). There was no significant difference (p=0.223) between Elementary school (6.1%) and Guidance school (5.5%) in terms of prevalence of eczema.
The results showed that the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in the rural area of Babol was remarkable that was high in older age group and needs to more attention in health program for decreasing this prevalence.

Since the reduction of mental health in patients with Thalassemia may affect the quality of life and cause dysfunction in various dimensions, so the assessment of this disorder is necessary to choose the appropriate treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mental health and quality of life in patients with Thalassemia major.
In this cross-sectional descriptive study, all Thalassemia major patients with 15 or more than 15 years old, referred to Amirkola Institute, were recruited. Mental health status and quality of life were measured via GHQ28 and SF-36 standard questionnaires, respectively.
A total of 80 women and 70 men with the mean âgé of 24.17±7.34 were included in the study. The results indicated that in case of quality of life, the physical activity part was singnifantly correlated with stress, social dysfunction, physical symptoms and depression (P There is an association between some of the areas of mental health and areas of quality of life, therefore a reduction in mental health status in thalassemia major patients may affect their quality of life. The incidence of mental disorders in this study was twofold more than previous studies and since none of patients met any psychologist during their treatment period, it is suggested that the screening test should be considered for mental disorders in Thalassemia major patients.

Selecting the best medication for upper GI endoscopy in children is a challenging issue. The goal of this study was to compare the effects of oral and intravenous midazolam for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) on children.
In this randomized clinical trial study conducted in Amirkola Children's Hospital, 110 children were randomly assigned to oral or intravenous groups. An expert nurse recorded O2 saturation, heart rate before, during and 5 minutes after endoscopy for all patients. Sedation, separation from parents and child cooperation were recorded.
Heart rate before and during endoscopy was not significantly different between two groups while heart rate was significantly lower in IV group after endoscopy. Cooperation during bite block was significantly better in oral group. Cooperation during endoscopy was not significantly different between two groups. Separation from parents in both male and female ones was significantly better in oral group. Complications were reported in 7 cases in oral group and 6 in IV group.
Oral midazolam in comparison with IV midazolam is better and may be a method of choice for pediatric UGIE purposes.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing and many countries are struggling with its high rate and serious complications. As a result of distinct diet in obese children, they may be susceptible to nutritional deficiencies in particular, iron deficiency. This study aimed to examine the relationship between obesity and iron indices.
In this cross-sectional study, 206 elementary school students were selected by stratified random sampling. Anthropometric parameters (waist circumference and body mass index) were measured, and fasting venous blood was collected to test serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation and complete blood count. To recognize the association between obesity and anemia, data were entered to SPSS and Lisrel software and analyzed using appropriate related test.
It was revealed that waist circumference was negatively associated with levels of serum iron and transferrin saturation (p This study suggests that the higher levels of total and central obesity should be taken into account when assessing the children’s body iron status and should be treated before providing dietary recommendations to correct anemia.

cerebral vein thrombosis is a rare complication of nephrotic syndrome (NS).We report a known case of NS with hemorrhagic thrombosis.
Case report: A boy with previous history of NS was admitted with headache and decrease of level of consciousness and his brain images were revealed hemorrhagic thrombosis
cerebral vein thrombosis must be considered in patients with history of NS (especially in new cases and during of relapses) and prevention of hemoconcentration is very important to decrease thrombosis risk.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is rare, but an aggressive malignancy. Central nervous system Burkitt lymphoma (CNSBL) is very rare. CNS Burkitt’s lymphoma is treated with high-dose chemotherapy and radiation. Radiotherapy in children younger than three years old may cause major CNS damage.
Case report: A three-year-old boy presented with painful proptosis of the left eye. He underwent adenoidectomy 2 months before admitted to our center. Sleep difficulty was not resolved after surgery. Microscopic study of paranasal sinus biopsy and IHC confirmed the diagnosis of Burkitt Lymphoma.
Inany patients presenting with painful proptosis, BL should be considered. Adenoid hyperplasia should not be considered as a sole cause of sleep difficulty.